Melatonín na spanie
Je melatonín liekom na spanie pre všetkých s poruchami spánku?
Si každý deň na nohách, tvoj program končí neskoro večer a ťažko zaspávaš? Poznáš melatonín? Vedz, že spánok je jedným z kľúčových častí každého dňa.
Zaujímali ste sa niekedy o to prečo vždy so stmievaním sa začneme častejšie zívať a sme viac unavení? Okrem toho, že sme celý deň na nohách za to môže práve melatonín a jeho riadenie našich spánkových cyklov. Ako je to možné?
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Hormón tmy a spánku produkovaný našou epifýzou spôsobuje pri zvýšení chuť na spánok. Zjednodušene reguluje naše cirkadiálne cykly. Povieme si čo sa stane ak ho máte nedostatok alebo nadbytok, prečo starší ľudia častejšie trpia nespavosťou a či je bezpečné ak ho konzumujeme v doplnkoch stravy.
Čo je to melatonín a aké má účinky?
Melatonín je hormón, ktorý nám napovie kedy máme ísť spať respektíve to dá najavo nášmu telu. V dnešnej dobe sa stáva čoraz viac vyhľadávanejším doplnkom stravy pri riešení viacerých problémov. Najmä v prípade ak majú ľudia problémy so spánkom či nemôžu zaspať.
Sám od seba vás nevypne a vy neomdliete hneď na mieste, ale nechá vaše telo sa uvoľniť a uvedomiť si, že je čas ísť do postele a pomôže telu prejsť do hladiny hlbokého spánku. Je veľmi populárny u ľudí trpiacich insomniou (nespavosťou) alebo cestovateľom s jet lagom.
Melatonín bol objavený v roku 1958. V Kanade a Spojených štátoch sa predáva bez lekárskeho predpisu, vo Veľkej Británii je to liek viazaný na lekársky predpis, v Austrálii a Európskej únii je indikovaný pri ťažkostiach so spánkom u ľudí starších ako 54 rokov. [V Európskej únii je indikovaný na liečbu nespavosti u detí a dospievajúcich. Úrad pre kontrolu potravín a liečiv v USA (FDA) považuje melatonín za doplnok stravy a ako taký ho neschválil na žiadne lekárske použitie. V Európskej únii bol schválený na lekárske použitie v roku 2007.
Melatonín môže tiež pomôcť ako:
- Podpora zdravia očí
- Liečba žalúdočných vredov a pálenia záhy
- Zvýšenie rastového hormónu u mužov
- Podpora liečby počas snového obdobia
Je bezpečné konzumovať melatonín každý deň?
Úrad pre kontrolu potravín a liečiv nereguluje melatonín ako liek, preto existujú len obmedzené informácie o bezpečnom a zdravom dávkovaní. Dokonca aj dávky používané v rôznych vedeckých štúdiách sa veľmi líšili, od 0,1 do 10 mg. Melatonín obvykle zaberie približne o hodinu až dve. Naše skúsenosti sú v rozmedzí 3 až 5 mg dávky postačujúce.
Ako melatonín funguje?
Melatonín funguje spoločne s cirkadiálnym rytmom. Zjednodušene cirkadiálny cyklus sú vnútorné biologické hodiny tela. Tie vám dajú vedieť kedy máte spať, jesť a vstať. Taktiež pomáha regulovať telesnú teplotu, krvný tlak a tvorbu niektorých hormónov. Hladina melatonínu začne postupne vzrastať so stupňujúcou sa tmou vo vašom okolí. Signál pre telo, že je čas ísť spať. Dokonca sa viaže na receptory a pomáha telu relaxovať a znižovať nervovú aktivitu. Vie redukovať produkciu dopamínu, hormónu pomáhajúcemu nášmu organizmu ostať hore.
Stres, fajčenie, vystavovanie sa prílišnému svetlu v noci (áno, modré svetlo z vášho veľkého chytrého telefónu tam spadá tiež), málo prirodzeného svetla v priebehu dňa, práca na smeny a starnutie – to všetko vplýva na produkciu melatonínu.
Konzumácia doplnkov stravy s melatonínom môže pomôcť s jeho nízkym obsahom v organizme a normalizovať vnútorné hodiny a nastaviť zdravý spánok.
Účinok melatonínu na spanie a nespavosť
Analýza 19 štúdií na ľuďoch so spánkovými poruchami zistila, že melatonín pomohol redukovať čas potrebný na zaspanie v priemere až o 7 minút. Viaceré výskumy dokázali zlepšenie kvality spánku. Menej časté budenie, dlhší hlboký spánok a lepšie vstávanie.
Taktiež, dokáže melatonín pomáhať s jet lagom (pásmová choroba) – čo je dočasná spánková porucha spôsobená narušením biorytmov kvôli prekonaniu niekoľkých časových pásiem lietadlom. Ľudia pracujúci na smeny môžu mať tiež skúsenosť s touto poruchou teda s jej symptómami ak pracujú v čase v ktorom normálne spia a naopak.
Skúsenosti s melatonínom na spanie
Každý človek je iný a teda každý reaguje na melatonín iným spôsobom. Častou príčinou príjmu melatonínu je práve insomnia. Teda nespavosť. Väčšina užívajúcich bola celkovo spokojná s výsledkami, avšak často jednotlivcom zaberala iná dávka.
Potreba užívania melatonínu je často rôzna resp. insomnia je často hlavný dôvod, ale tú už spôsobujú rozdielne veci. Niekedy nastane klasicky s pribúdajúcim vekom, inokedy po výkyve hormonálneho stavu jedinca z dôsledku zmeny zdravotného stavu. Niekedy sa stane, že melatonín musia užívať 100 % nočné sovy, ktoré sa musia prispôsobiť zamestnaniu a životu v priebehu dňa.
Dávkovanie melatonínu
Ak skúšate melatonín, začnite prijímať menšie dávky. Avšak je dôležitá konzultácia s odborníkom, kým do svojho liečebného režimu pridáte voľne predajný melatonín. Začnite s 0,5 mg alebo 1 mg 30 minút pred tým ako budete chcieť ísť spať. V prípade, že by vám to nezaberalo, množstvo môžete zvýšiť na 3-5 mg. Cieľom nie je brať čo najvyššie množstvo, aby zaúčinkovalo rýchlejšie, ale konzumovať čo najmenšie množstvo, ktoré účinkuje spoľahlivo.
Melatonín pre deti
Odhaduje sa, že až 25 % zdravých detí a mladistvých má problém zaspať. Číslo je vyššie (75 %) u detí s poruchami neurologického vývoja, ako je porucha autistického spektra a porucha pozornosti s hyperaktivitou. Efektívnosť melatonínu u detí a adolescentov je stále len v procese skúmania. Celkovo sa zistilo, že deti užívajúce melatonín ako krátkodobú liečbu mali lepší nástup spánku ako tie s placebom.
Rovnako ako u dospelých ani u detí nie je veľa informácií o optimálnom dávkovaní. Závisí tiež na veku dieťaťa. Odporúča sa v závislosti na veku prijať melatonín 30 až 60 minút pred spaním. U kojencov 1 mg, 2,5 až 3 mg pre staršie deti a 5 mg pre adolescentov.
Nežiadúce účinky
Má melatonín nežadúce alebo vedľajšie účinky? Súčasné dôkazy naznačujú bezpečnosť doplnkov stravy s melatonínom. Je melatonín návykový? Podľa doterajších výskumov nie je a rovnako nie je ani toxický.
Vedľajšie nepriaznivé účinky môžu nastať výnimočne, od jedinca k jedincovi. Najmä ak je človek citlivejší. Objaviť sa môže závrat, bolesť hlavy, nevoľnosť.
Čo sa stane ak si melatonínu vezmete nadmieru a dôjde k predávkovaniu? Vyššie dávky vedú k niekoľkým nežiadúcim efektom, ktoré zahŕňajú: pocit ospalosti a malátnosti. Bolesti hlavy, nevoľnosť zvýšenie močenia, pomočovania u detí, závraty.
Menej bežné nežiadúce príznaky sú: podráždenosť, kŕče v žalúdku, mierna triaška, pocity depresie či úzkosti, zmätok alebo dezorientácia, nízky krvný tlak.
V prípade, že sa u vás prejaví akýkoľvek nežiadúci stav, ihneď skončite s užívaním a porozprávajte sa so svojim lekárom. Môže vám odporučiť inú dávku prípadne navrhne iný postup liečby s iným liečivom.
Tiež existuje obava, že užívanie príliš veľkého množstva zabráni telu v jeho prirodzenej tvorbe. Ale existuje niekoľko štúdií vyvracajúcich toto tvrdenie.
Na záver
Melatonín ako doplnok stravy predstavuje častokrát skvelú možnosť riešenia problémov so spánkom. Celkovo je dobre prijímaný dospelými aj deťmi. I keď môžu nastať isté vedľajšie účinky. Ľudia so špecifickými zdravotnými problémami by mali konzumáciu vždy konzultovať so svojim lekárom. Pokiaľ sa rozhodnete, že ho zaradíte do poličky vo vašej lekárničke či kúpeľni, zvažujte kúpu zodpovedne.
Vždy si poriadne preštudujte zloženie a dávkovanie. Pri dávkovaní neváhajte a poraďte sa so špecialistom. Určite radi poradia a vy sa vyhnete problémom. Radšej začnite zľahka a postupne pridajte množstvo ak by menšie dávky dlhodobo nezaberali. Iba tak si môžete vychutnať účinky melatonínu bezpečne.
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